Considering Graduate
Health Programs
Pre-Health Programs at WPI
Participating in the Pre-Health Program at WPI allows
you to major in any of the undergraduate programs
while completing all of the courses you need to apply
for a graduate health professional program. The
program is open to all students and no application
is required.
The Pre-Health Programs available at WPI include
Pre-Medical, Pre-Dental, Pre-Veterinary as well as
Additional Pre-Health Programs (physical therapy,
physicians assistant, optometry, pharmaceutical
sciences). For more information and support
throughout your studies in these programs, contact
the Pre-Health Advisor Elizabeth Jacoby (erjacoby@
wpi.edu), who can help you manage everything from
choosing the right courses through applying to your
graduate programs.
How to Search for Graduate Programs
There are several great online resources for
searching, comparing, and evaluating graduate
programs. Some recommended resources for
researching schools include:
Guide to Graduate School – gradschools.com
Petersons – petersons.com
US News & World Report Education -
http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/
best-graduate-schools
For more specic search and compare tools for the
particular type of program or discipline you hope to
pursue, view the online resources listed within the
specic sections below devoted to each area. WPI
faculty, alumni, and the Pre-Health Advisor are excellent
additional sources of program information.
Evaluating Graduate Programs
When researching and evaluating your options of
programs, consider the following factors:
Reputation of faculty
Quality of program
Depth and breadth of curriculum
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Table of Contents:
I. Considering Graduate Health Programs
II. Medical School
III. Dental School
IV. Veterinary School
V. Other Health-Related Programs (Physical Therapy, Physicians Assistant, Optometry,
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nursing, Public Health)
HealtH Programs
(medical, dental, Veterinary, PHysical tHeraPy, PHysicians assistant,
oPtometry, PHarmaceutical sciences, nursing, Public HealtH)
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Focus of the program and alignment with
your interests
Program requirements
Academic resources available (research,
laboratories, technology, library, computer facilities,
etc)
Availability of fellowships, assistantships,
scholarships, other funding options, and nancial
aid
Internships or clinical experience
Geographic location
Demographics of student body
Types of positions and salaries of recent graduates
Materials and Requirements
Timeline:
The preparation and application timeline may be
dierent for the various types of health programs.
The following is a general framework for a timeline to
prepare to apply for health-related graduate programs
but you should invest time in researching the specic
timelines and requirements for your chosen program(s).
First Year/Sophomore Year:
Meet with Pre-Health Advisor
Elizabeth Jacoby (erjac[email protected])
Complete course requirements
Join related student clubs and organizations
Visit the CDC to learn more about your desired
profession, career paths, and graduate school
Attend Career Fairs (Fall, Spring, Life Sciences &
Bioengineering)
Research volunteer/paid opportunities related to
clinical or research experience in your eld
Participate in summer paid/volunteer experiences
or programs related to your desired path
Junior Year:
Meet with Pre-Health Advisor Elizabeth Jacoby
([email protected]) to review graduate school
program requirements, application procedures,
schools/programs, and test preparation
Research programs, visit their websites, and
request information and program brochures
Create a chart or spreadsheet to keep track of
your desired programs, application deadlines, and
required materials
Prepare and register for your required
admissions test
Get recommendation letters and evaluations from
professors and others
Participate in summer paid/volunteer experiences
or programs related to your desired path
Visit schools if you are able
Conduct informational interviews and job shadows
to gain additional insight into the eld
Senior Year:
Gather all application materials and complete
application (be sure to allow plenty of time to
complete application, request transcripts, and
collect letters from your evaluators)
Submit your application
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Participate in mock interview with the CDC before
your school interview (if you are involved with
the pre-medical committee, participate in your
committee interview)
Make your decision!
Send thank you notes to evaluators and mentors
and let them know of your decision
Academic Preparation/Background:
Most health-related graduate degree programs will
require certain course pre-requisites in order to be
considered for admission. If you are in a Pre-Health
Program at WPI, you will work with your Pre-Health
Advisor Elizabeth Jacoby ([email protected]) to be
sure that you can complete the courses that will be
required for graduate admissions.
Testing:
Graduate programs in the health elds will require
dierent tests depending on the program so be sure to
research the admissions requirements of the programs
to which you plan to apply. Students applying to
Medical School will be expected to take the MCAT Exam.
Dental School applicants should take the DAT Exam
while Optometry School applicants will be required
to take the OAT. Veterinary School applicants may be
asked to take the GRE or MCAT Exams depending on
the program. Physical Therapy, Physicians Assistant,
Pharmaceutical Science, and Public Health programs will
most commonly require the GRE.
For more information on these admissions exams and
to sign up, visit the following websites:
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT):
aamc.org/mcat
Graduate Record Exam (GRE): ets.org/gre
Dental Admission Test (DAT): ada.org/dat
Optometry Admission Test (OAT):
ada.org/oat
Personal Statement:
A personal statement will be a required component of
all graduate school applications. Some programs may
ask students to respond to a specic essay prompt,
while others will others will not provide specic
questions or topics to cover. For the most part, personal
statements are very similar. Your personal statement
is your opportunity to introduce yourself to the
admissions committee and is not the time to be modest
– you are selling yourself to a competitive program and
should aim to impress the committee. Throughout your
statement, you should make clear the following:
Why you are interested in pursuing this degree
Why you are interested in this particular school/
program (UNLESS you are submitting your
applications through an application service that
sends the same materials to all schools)
What are your career goals and how will this degree
prepare you
What background, experience, or skills will make
you successful in this program and this eld
What makes you unique from other applicants
Check out the CDC’s Tipsheet on Personal Statement
for more information.
Letters of Recommendation:
Most graduate programs will ask for two to four letters
of recommendation as a required component of your
application; the exact number will vary from program
to program. Only submit as many letters as your
particular program or application system requests –
more is not better!
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Be sure to provide plenty of advanced notice to
the individuals you ask to write you a letter of
recommendation and give them a copy of your resume/
CV for additional background material. Ask each person
if they would be able to write you a positive letter of
recommendation for your graduate school application.
If the individual feels they would not be able to write
you a strong letter, they will let you know and you can
ask an alternate writer.
Ocial Transcripts:
Ocial transcripts can be requested through the
Registrar’s Oce and will be sent directly from your
institution. If you have taken any courses at other
institutions, you must request ocial transcripts from
that school’s Registrar’s Oce as well. Many of the
online application systems will provide you with a
transcript request form that you can download and use
to request your transcripts.
Supplemental Materials:
Some programs may require supplemental materials
or applications. Do your research on the specic
requirements for each program for which you want to
apply so that you can be sure to submit all requested
items by their deadlines.
Interviewing:
An interview may be a required component of the
application process for some programs.
Medical School
Physicians diagnose and care for people of all ages and
can generally be divided into three broad categories:
Primary Care Physicians, Surgeons, and Specialists. The
typical length of medical school after graduating with a
Bachelors Degree is approximately four years of school
followed by another three to eight years of residency,
depending on your chosen specialty. (Source: aamc.org)
Applying to Medical School:
Students will apply for medical school the summer
prior to the year they plan to matriculate into the
program (for example, if you plan to start medical
school in Fall 2017, you would apply in Summer
2016). Applications for most medical schools in the
United States are completed and submitted through
the American Medical College Application Service
(AMCAS), with the exception of MD programs at Texas
public schools. Through this system, you ll out one
application and upload one set of application materials
to all of the medical schools you select. AMCAS will
verify your transcripts, requirements, and materials and
electronically forward your application to your chosen
schools.
Download the AMCAS Transcript Request Form and
use that to request ocial transcripts from your school
to ensure your transcript is properly matched to
your application. AMCAS also accepts PDF electronic
transcript submissions but you must verify that your
Registrar is an approved sender before requesting an
eTranscript.
The AMCAS is available in May of each application
year allowing approximately a month to work on your
application before the submission time period opens.
The majority of medical school application deadlines
range from October to December. Medical schools
may have secondary application deadlines that are
important to be aware of for each program to which
you plan to apply.
You do not need to have your MCAT scores before you
submit your application for verication – your scores
will be automatically received and submitted through
the AMCAS system when they become available. If you
have not yet taken the test at the time of application or
plan to take the exam again, indicate the future testing
date you will be sitting for the exam so schools will
know to expect scores.
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Because medical school admission requirements vary
from program to program, you should refer to the
MSAR Online for school-specic requirements for US
and Canadian medical schools or refer to the individual
programs websites. See the Pre-Health Advisor for more
information on this resource.
For more information about the AMCAS system and to
create or sign-in to your account, visit aamc.org/amcas.
The following websites contain additional resources for
researching the eld and schools:
Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)
website (aamc.org)
American Medical Association (AMA) website
(ama-assn.org)
American Medical Student Association (AMSA) website
(amsa.org)
The Medical School Admission
Test (MCAT):
The MCAT is a standardized multiple-choice exam that
assesses problem solving, critical thinking, and science
knowledge and principles that are a prerequisite to
study medicine. Almost all US medical schools require
the MCAT.
The exam is oered multiple times throughout the year
and is typically taken in the calendar year prior to the
year in which you plan to enter medical school. If you
plan to take the exam more than once, it is advised to
take the exam early in the year the rst time to allow
enough time to receive your scores, decide whether
you want to make a second attempt, and then nd an
available testing seat later in the year.
Important to note is that beginning in Spring 2015, the
MCAT will be changing and a new MCAT2015 version
will be administered. This new MCAT will reect content
changes from the previous version.
Sections on the MCAT2015 Exam include: 1. Biological
and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems, 2.
Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological
Systems, 3. Psychological, Social, and Biological
Foundations of Behavior, 4. Critical Analysis and
Reasoning Skills
For more information on the content of the exam,
how to prepare, and how to register, visit
aamc.org/mcat.
Letters of Recommendation:
The AMCAS system refers to letters of recommendation
as “Letters of Evaluation in your application form. You
will be asked to enter contact information details for
each of the individuals from whom you have asked for a
letter. You will select the type of letter that will
be sent: a committee letter, a letter packet, or an
individual letter.
A committee letter is a letter written by a pre-health
committee or pre-health advisor. A letter packet is
a set of letters assembled and distributed by your
institution. An individual letter is a letter written by
and representing the opinions of a single writer. For
more information on letters of evaluation, how to ll
out this section of your application, and the process
and timeline for getting a committee letter and going
through the WPI Pre-Health Committee process,
contact the WPI Pre-Health/Pre-Professional Advisor.
Your AMCAS application can be submitted before
AMCAS receives your letters since this is not part of the
ocial AMCAS verication process.
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Medical School Essay:
The last part of the medical school application includes
a personal essay explaining why you want to go to
medical school. Because this letter will go out to all of
the schools you have selected, it is important to not
mention specic names of schools or programs, but
rather to explain more broadly your interest in pursuing
medical school, your relevant experience, and your
interests and goals.
Refer to the online application or the AMCAS website
for the character limit for your essay to determine the
maximum length. Be sure to proofread this essay very
carefully before submitting as changes cannot be made
after it has been submitted.
The Medical School Interview:
The interview is an important component of the
medical school application process and preparation
is critical. Consult with the WPI Pre-Health/Pre-
Professional Advisor for more information on preparing
for the medical school interview. If you participate in
the Pre-Health Committee’s packet process, you can do
a mock committee medical interview. In addition, you
can do a mock interview with the Career Development
Center to get additional feedback.
Dental School
A dentist is a healthcare professional who specializes in
diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and
conditions of the mouth and teeth. Most dental school
programs are approximately four years in length.
Applying to Dental School:
Prerequisites for dental school vary by individual
programs so be sure to check the requirements for each
of the schools to which you plan to apply. Majoring in
science is not a requirement but you must complete
certain pre-dental science requirements.
Students planning to go to dental school should apply
for admission at least a year in advance of their planned
enrollment date. Most dental schools participate in
the Associated American Dental Schools Application
Service (AADSAS) which allows students to complete
a single application and upload one set of required
documents to apply to multiple dental schools.
For more information about the application system,
required application materials, and to register/apply,
visit adea.org/aadsas.
The Dental Admission Test (DAT):
The DAT is a computerized, multiple-choice test that
dental school applicants are required to take. The test is
administered year round by testing centers operated by
Prometric, Inc. and consists of four components: survey
of the natural sciences (biology, general chemistry,
organic chemistry), perceptual ability, reading
comprehension, and quantitative reasoning.
For more information, test preparation materials,
and instructions on how to register, go to
ada.org/dat.
The following websites contain additional resources for
researching the eld and schools:
American Dental Education Association (ADEA) website
(adea.org)
American Dental Association (ADA) website
(ada.org)
Veterinary School
At the core, veterinarians work to prevent disease
and heal animals, ranging from pets to livestock to
working animals and more. There are many career
paths following completion of a Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine (DVM) degree, including private practice,
corporate veterinary medicine, federal government,
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military, research, teaching, public health, food supply
medicine, global veterinary medicine, public policy, and
shelter medicine, to name some. (Source: aavmc.org)
Applying to Veterinary School:
Prerequisites for veterinary school vary by individual
programs so be sure to check the requirements for each
of the schools to which you plan to apply. Majoring in
science or pre-vet is not a requirement but you must
complete certain prerequisites.
Most accredited veterinary school programs use the
Veterinary Medical College Application Service (VMCAS)
for accepting applications. The VMCAS is a centralized
application service allowing applicants to ll out one
application and upload one set of required documents
to be submitted to multiple schools.
Ocial transcripts requested from your universitys
Registrar’s Oce must be sent directly to VMCAS,
allowing plenty of time for the transcripts to be
received, posted to your application, and veried.
Download the VMCAS Transcript Request Form to
ensure your transcripts are properly matched to your
application.
For more information on the VMCAS, the application
process, and to apply, visit aavmc.org/vmcas.
The following websites contain additional resources for
researching the eld and programs:
Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
(AAVMC) website (aavmc.org)
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
website (avma.org)
Entrance Exams:
The majority of veterinary schools require students to
take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and some
may also require the Biology GRE. The Medical College
Admission Test (MCAT) is also accepted by some
schools in place of the GRE. It is important to check
the requirements of your chosen schools to determine
which exam is the most appropriate for you to take.
Additional Health-Related
Programs
Physical Therapy
According to the American Physical Therapy Association
(APTA), Physical Therapists (PTs) are “health care
professionals who diagnose and treat individuals
of all ages [with] medical problems or other health-
related conditions that limit their abilities to move
and perform functional activities in their daily lives.
PTs examine each individual and develop a plan using
treatment techniques to promote the ability to move,
reduce pain, restore function, and prevent disability.
Physical therapists provide care for people in a variety
of settings, including hospitals, private practices,
outpatient clinics, home health agencies, schools,
sports and tness facilities, work settings, and nursing
homes. (Source: apta.org)
Applying to Physical Therapy Programs:
The Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service
(PTCAS) allows Physical Therapy (PT) applicants to use a
single web-based application and one set of materials
to apply to multiple PT programs. The PTCAS website
contains a list of the participating programs and
instructions for using the application service. Not all PT
programs participate in PTCAS so if you wish to apply
to a non-participating program, you must apply directly
to the school using that programs preferred application
method. Be sure to apply early as it can take several
weeks for PTCAS to process your le once completed.
To learn more about the application process,
schools that participate, and to register/apply, visit
ptcas.org.
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8
The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
website (apta.org) is an additional great source of
information about the eld and careers, as well as
information for prospective students.
Requirements:
Many programs may require physical therapist (PT)
observation hours prior to applying for a PT program;
these hours often must be veried and signed o on
by a licensed physical therapist. Though some schools
do not require PT hours for admission, it is highly
recommended.
Physician Assistant (PA)
According to the American Academy of Physician
Assistants (AAPA), Physician Assistants (PAs) practice
medicine on healthcare teams with physicians and
other providers and are able to prescribe medicine in
all 50 states. Most PA programs are approximately 3
years followed by over 2,000 hours of clinical rotations
in order to obtain licensure. Many of the primary duties
of a PA overlap with that of a doctor with the exception
being that a PA is not licensed to perform surgery
though they may assist doctors in surgical procedures.
Physicians work autonomously whereas a PA always
works under the supervision of a doctor.
Applying to Physician Assistant Programs:
Most accredited Physicians Assistant programs accept
applications through the Central Application Service
for Physician Assistants (CASPE), which allows you
to submit one application to multiple programs. The
Graduate Record Exam (GRE) is likely to be required to
apply to a PA programs but you should always check
the specic requirements for the programs to which
you hope to apply. Some PA programs may ll their
classes prior to their posted deadline. Applicants are
encouraged to contact the programs to which they are
applying to verify spots are still available.
To learn more about the application process, schools
that participate, and to register/apply, visit
https://portal.caspaonline.org.
The following websites contain additional resources for
researching the eld and programs:
American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA)
website (aapa.org)
Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA)
website (paeaonline.org)
Optometry
According to the American Optometric Association
(AOA), optometrists (or Doctors of Optometry) are “the
independent primary health professionals for the eye.
Optometrists examine, diagnose, treat, and manage
diseases, injuries, and disorders of the visual system, the
eye, and associated structures as well as identify related
systemic conditions aecting the eye. (Source: aoa.org)
Applying to Optometry School:
Most optometry schools accept applications
through the Optometry Centralized Application
Service (OptomCAS), which allows applicants to le
one application and send it to multiple optometry
programs.
To learn more about the application process, schools
that accept the OptomCAS, and to register/apply, visit
optomcas.org.
The following websites contain additional information
to research programs and learn more about careers in
optometry:
Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry
(ASCO) website (opted.org)
American Optometric Association (AOA) website
(aoa.org)
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9
American Academy of Optometry (AAOPT) website
(aaopt.org)
The Optometry Admission Test (OAT):
The OAT is a computerized, multiple-choice test
that optometry school applicants are required to
take. The test is administered year round by testing
centers operated by Prometric, Inc. and consists of
four components: survey of the natural sciences
(biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry), reading
comprehension, physics, and quantitative reasoning.
For more information, test preparation materials,
and instructions on how to register, go to
ada.org/oat.
Pharmaceutical Science
The pursuit of a career in the pharmaceutical industry
has several paths to consider, and those paths
may require dierent types or lengths of graduate
programs. Career paths in retail or clinical pharmacy
require pursuing a Doctor of Pharmacy degree,
which is typically a 4 year program. Pharmacists
provide pharmaceutical care to patients, develop and
manage medication distribution systems, manage
the pharmacy, and provide drug information and
education.
Applying to Pharmacy School:
Many rst-year professional Doctor of Pharmacy
(Pharm.D) degree programs and graduate programs
in the pharmaceutical sciences accept applications
through the Pharmacy College Application Service
(PharmCAS), which is a centralized application service
allowing students to apply to multiple programs with
a single application. Most pharmaceutical sciences
programs will require the Graduate Record Exam (GRE)
but it is important to verify specic requirements with
your desired programs.
For more information on the application process, a
directory of participating schools and their specic
requirements, forms, and to register/apply, visit
pharmcas.org.
In addition, the following websites contain great
additional information:
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)
website (aacp.org)
American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
(AAPS) website (aaps.org)
Nursing
Nurses have a great number of responsibilities in the
healthcare eld. They may perform physical exams
and health histories, provide health counseling and
education, administer medication and treatment,
coordinate care plans and interpret patient information,
and conduct research. They can practice in a variety
of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, medical
oces, ambulatory care centers, community health
centers, schools, and retail clinics.
In addition to becoming a Registered Nurse (RN),
there are a variety of positions nursing professionals
can pursue, such as becoming an Advanced Practice
Registered Nurse (APRN), which includes Nurse
Practitioners (NP), Certied Nurse-Midwives (CNM),
Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS), and Certied Registered
Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA). In addition, Licensed
Practical Nurses (LPN) provide basis and routine care
under the direction of an RN, APRN, or MD. (Source:
nursingworld.com)
Applying to Nursing School:
Many nursing graduate programs accept applications
through the Centralized Application Service for Nursing
Programs (NursingCAS), which allows students to apply
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1 0
to multiple programs with a single application. For
more information on the application process, a list of
participating programs, and to apply, visit
nursingcas.org.
The following websites are great resources for
additional information on the nursing profession,
nursing schools, and applying:
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
website (aacn.nche.edu)
American Nurses Association (ANA) website
(nursingworld.org)
Association for Nursing Professional Development
(ANPD) website (anpd.org)
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) website
(nsna.org)
Public Health
Public Health is a very broad eld focused on protecting
and improving the health of individuals, families,
communities, and populations, both locally and
globally. According to the Association of Schools and
Programs of Public Health (ASPPH), “public health
professionals focus on preventing disease and injury
by promoting healthy lifestyles […implementing]
educational programs, develop[ing] policies,
administer[ing] services, conduct[ing] research, and
regulat[ing] health systems to achieve these goals. A
Masters in Public Health may prepare someone for a
wide variety of careers in government agencies, non-
prots, schools, insurance and pharmaceuticals, and the
private sector. Common themes in many Public Health
programs include global health issues, food policy,
disease control, statistical methods, ethics in public
health. (Source: aspph.org)
Applying to Public Health Programs:
Many CEPH-accredited schools and programs of public
health accept applications through the Centralized
Application Service for Public Health (SOPHAS), which
allows students to apply to multiple programs with
a single application. For more information on the
application process, to search for programs, view a list
of participating institutions, and to register/apply, visit
sophas.org.
The following websites are great resources for
additional information on the public health eld and
schools:
American Public Health Association (APHA) website
(apha.org)
Association of Schools & Programs of Public Health
(ASPPH) website (aspph.org)
Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) websites
(ceph.org)
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